A Beginner's Guide to MathML
Useful Entites
You may have noticed through this tutorial that we occasionally use "entities"
to represent mathematical symbols which are not available on a standard keyboard.
For example: ∫ = ∫.
There are more entities available than one could ever remember,
but here is a list of some of those you are likely to use.
If what you want is not available on this list,
all of them are available at http://www.w3.org/Math/characters/ .
Operators
Description
Entity
Symbol
Approximately equal to ≈ ≈ Degrees ° ° Divide ÷ ÷ Equivalent to ≡ ≡ Greater than or equal to ≥ ≥ Greater than > > Much greater than ≫ ≫ Left arrow ← ← Less than or equal to ≤ ≤ Less than < < Much less than ≪ ≪ Minus or plus ∓ ∓ Not equal to &ne ≠ Plus or minus ± ± Product ∏ ∏ Proportional to ∝ ∝ Right arrow → → Summation ∑ ∑ Multiply × ×
Integration & Differentiation
Description
Entity
Symbol
Contour integral ∮ ∮ Double contour integral ∯ ∯ Triple contour integral ∰ ∰ Differential ⅆ ⅆ Captial differential ⅅ ⅅ Vector derivative, nabla, del ∇ ∇ Integral ∫ ∫ Double Integral ∬ ∬ Triple integral ∭ ∭ Partial differential ∂ ∂
Symbols
Description
Entity
Symbol
Because ∵ ∵ There exists ∃ ∃ Natural number ⅇ ⅇ For all ∀ ∀ Plack's constant over 2π ℏ ℏ Hilbert space ℋ ℋ Imaginary part ℑ ℑ Imaginary i ⅈ ⅈ Infinity ∞ ∞ Laplace transform ℒ ℒ Real part &real ℜ Therefore ∴ ∴
Fencings
Description
Entity
Symbol
Left angled bracket ⟨ ⟨ Over brace ⏞ ⏞ Over bracket ⎴ ⎴ Over parenthisis &OverParenthisis; ⏜ Right angled bracket ⟩ ⟩ Under brace ⏟ ⏟ Under bracket ⎵ ⎵ Under parenthisis &UnderParenthisis; ⏝
Greek Alphabet
Description
Entity
Symbol
Upper case Alpha Α Α Lower case alpha α α Upper case Beta Β Β Lower case beta β β Upper case Gamma Γ Γ Lower case gamma γ γ Upper case Delta Δ Δ Lower case delta δ δ Upper case Epsilon Ε Ε Lower case epsilon ε ε Upper case Zeta Ζ Ζ Lower case zeta ζ ζ Upper case Eta Η Η Lower case eta η η Upper case Theta Θ Θ Lower case theta θ θ Upper case Iota Ι Ι Lower case iota ι ι Upper case Kappa Κ Κ Lower case kappa κ κ Upper case Lambda Λ Λ Lower case lambda λ λ Upper case Mu Μ Μ Lower case mu μ μ Upper case Nu Ν Ν Lower case nu ν ν Upper case Xi Ξ Ξ Lower case xi ξ ξ Upper case Omicron Ο Ο Lower case omicron ο ο Upper case Pi Π Π Lower case pi π π Upper case Rho Ρ Ρ Lower case rho ρ ρ Upper case Sigma Σ Σ Lower case sigma σ σ Upper case Tau Τ Τ Lower case tau τ τ Upper case Upsilon Υ Υ Lower case upsilon υ υ Upper case Phi Φ Φ Lower case phi φ φ Upper case Chi Χ Χ Lower case chi χ χ Upper case Psi Ψ Ψ Lower case psi ψ ψ Upper case Omega Ω Ω Lower case omega ω ω
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